Mar
Mist-Calf, Artificial Men, Robots and Cyborgs
Robots are fascinating characters. There were robots that looked a bit like cowboys in the 1935 Gene Autry movie about mysterious Thunder Riders, “The Phantom Empire”. One of the first famous robots was Robbie from the classic movie “Forbidden Planet.” Robbie variants showed up in several movies and television shows. The last of the Robbie-inspired characters was the robot in the television series “Lost in Space.” From there, the mechanical men of science fiction headed in other directions. They became more like humans. Examples are DATA from the Star Trek Next Generation series and the “AIs” of the short-lived series “Space: Above and Beyond.”
The reality is very different. The robotic paint machines used in the automotive assembly industry are little more than mechanical arms fitted with air brushes. Robots used by police and military bomb squads are more like radio-controlled toy tanks. The undersea exploration robots used by oceanographers are like little rafts fitted with arms, lights and a camera. They are very different from the mechanical men of Science Fiction.
Recently, attempts have been made to produce a human-like robot that walks and talks. These are novelties. They are impractical but entertaining.
Technology may one day produce a human-like robot. There will be a time when technology has been successfully miniaturized to the point that a robot can be fitted with enough gyroscopes and motors to realistically imitate human motion. It may also be programmed and outfitted to avoid obstacles, recognize certain features and react accordingly. There will likely be a point where robots can be fitted with facial-recognition software, for instance, and then be programmed to greet those it “knows.”
Robots will attain the semblance of consciousness. They can be programmed to simulate consciousness. For instance, there will likely be a point where facial recognition software not only recognizes faces, but a general set of facial expressions. One might then be able to program a robot to respond differently according to the specific expression. The robot would not know the emotions or moods. It would merely be following its programming.
Think of it as the difference between having consciousness and being about consciousness. It is not the thing. It is about the thing, just as a book about the sea is not the sea itself. It is about the sea and the two will never be the same. So the robot mind might seem to be about consciousness, but it will never actually be consciousness.
Will robots be self-aware? Not exactly. A robot can be made aware of itself, its surroundings and its functions. Programming for this awareness would have the purpose of letting the robot maintain itself. However, it would not be the self-awareness of consciousness. What looks like awareness would again be the robot’s programming.
The idea of an artificial man has fascinated humankind for ages. Norse tradition has “Mist-calf”, an earthen man created by the giant Hrungnir to assist him in fighting the God Thor. Mist-calf is so afraid of Thor that he wets himself when the God arrives. In effect, Mist-calf is the artificial thing, the replica, being confronted by the real thing. As in real life, the replica can never stand up to the standard set by the real thing. Its unreal quality will be exposed.
There is an unconscious urge to give consciousness to the artificial man. The android robot of science fiction and a cute tale like the puppet Pinocchio revolve around an artificial man with a human soul. Perhaps this fascination is related to the childhood tendency to treat one’s favorite doll or teddy bear as a real companion. Maybe it is the unconscious desire to see an idol come to life and respond as the God it represents. Even better, maybe to see the God come to take the place of the idol. We can leave this argument for the anthropologists and psychologists to finish.
The likely future of what we call robots is not going to be as colorful or interesting as the mechanical characters of science fiction. A robotic navigator will be an electronic bundle that fits in a small box that is a component of the directional mechanism of a vehicle. Currently, the most mobile robots are not much more than radio-controlled vehicles to send into places where man cannot or should not go. Robots will be uninteresting devices that perform rather mundane tasks.
Like Mist-calf, the artificial will not measure up to the real human. Robots may assist us, but they can never replace us.
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Cyborgs are humans who have been fitted with robotic parts. In effect, they are a blend of robotic and human components. Two popular television series of the 1970s focused on individuals who gained great powers by having their damaged body parts replaced by robotic ones. Called “bionics,” these fictional replacement parts were better than the human parts they replaced.
Cyborgs exist today. There are people fitted with mechanical parts to replace damaged ones. Unlike the fictional bionically enhanced people, the current parts are nowhere near as versatile as those they replaced. Amputees have been fitted with better and better mechanical arms and legs. Other machines are being developed to take over the functions of damaged organs. There will come a time when a severely injured individual can be fitted into a mechanical body that replaces most of his normal functions. There may even come strange cultures which encourage healthy people to get robotic enhancements. After all, look at the people who get cosmetic enhancements today. One might conjecture that the same personality types wouldopt for robotic enhancements when they become available in the future.
A science-fiction game known as Warhammer 40,000 has a fictional species called Necrons. These are beings whose consciousness and non-physical self has been fitted with a robotic body. They are each a robot inhabited and controlled by a living consciousness. That may seem strange, but there is a common belief that our bodies are just the forms we inhabit so that we can live on this world. According to this idea, our bodies are vehicles which we ride. Would that make the human body a growing, living robot inhabited by an intelligent spirit? It is something to ponder.